How to manage laboratory microbiological safety

The microorganisms that the clinical laboratory may be exposed to can be divided into
① Viruses, such as viral hepatitis (especially hepatitis B and C) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), etc.;
②Bacteria, such as cocci, bacilli, and fungi;
③Other pathogens with high virulence, such as hemorrhagic fever virus and Rickettsia. When contacting and handling all body fluids, the "universal protection principle" safety awareness should be implemented. All blood and body fluids should be considered as potentially infectious and should be handled in a safe manner.

Path of infection
1. Airborne transmission: when removing the stopper containing the specimen test tube, the solution is spilled on a hard surface, centrifuged with an unstopped test tube, or the solution (including the solution in the inoculation loop) is heated too quickly, it is infectious In the above-mentioned various situations, the solution may form aerosols and spread in the air.
2. Oral transmission: pipetting by mouth may cause microorganisms to invade the human body and cause infection. Infection can also be caused by indirect means, such as not washing hands thoroughly before eating or smoking, causing "hand to mouth" infection.
3. Direct vaccination: accidental needle sticks, broken glass scratches and animal bites can cause infection through direct vaccination. The infectious agent in clinical specimens can also enter the human body through a finger that is slightly scratched by paper, a very light scratch or damaged epidermis to cause infection.
4. Mucosal contact: Some pathogens, including hepatitis virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), can enter the human body through direct contact with mucous membranes (such as conjunctiva). So wash your hands thoroughly before wiping your eyes, changing contact lenses, or using cosmetics.
5. Indirect contact with blood-borne pathogens: Clinical laboratory staff are faced with the possibility of contact with blood-borne pathogens.

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